A comic of Palladium.	8th Grader at Mill Valley Middle School
History I Chemical Properties I Facts I Uses I Atomic Structure I Glossary I Bibliography
"If you don't brush and have a bad gum, You might end up with some Palladium!"- (Anon)	Atomic Structure Number of Energy Levels: 4 Electrons on first energy level: 2 Electrons on second energy level: 8 Electrons on third energy level: 8 Electrons on fourth energy level: 18 Electrons on fifth energy level:10 Back to Top	This piece of jewelry represents how Palladium is used in making watches and clocks.
History Palladium was discovered in 1803 by William Hyde Wollaston, who also discovered rhodium. Since then, it has contributed to the dental cure industry by being used in the cavity coverings and crowns. The name Palladium originates from the asteroid Pallas. This asteroid was named after the Greek Goddess of Wisdom, so Palladium was essentially named after this Goddess.	This is an image of Palladium in it's metallic form.	Uses An interesting use of palladium was based on the chance discovery that palladium compounds were able to treat some cancer and tumors. The great things about these compounds is that many of them are side-effect free, unlike many other cancer treatments. It is used in dentistry (dental crowns) and used in making jewelry. It is also a major part of watches, surgical instruments, and electronic contacts.   Back to Top
This is an image of Palladium's atomic structure		Facts There are many interesting facts about Palladium. It can be hammered into thin sheets, like gold, which was used in the particle-shooting experiment. Palladium can absorb more than 900 times it's volume of hydrogen. The gas is placed in a container with a very thin palladium wall. The hydrogen gas diffuses into and then through the wall, which traps impurities, leaving them behind. Palladium can be found in Nickel Ores, and Mercury Ores. It can also be obtained from Platinum, nickel, and copper. It is a silverish-white color, just like many other transition metals, which are the groups 3-12. Lead is also a transition metal. Palladium is very much a part of this group, being in the middle, at atomic number 46. It is usually stable at most non-rare isotopes. It is also malleable and ductile. It is a part of the platinum group of metals. Back to Top
Chemical Properties The symbol of Palladium is Pd. The atomic mass of Palladium is 106. there are 46 protons, 46 electrons and 60 neutrons. The melting point 1552.0 degrees Celsius. the Boiling point is 2927.0 Degrees Celsius. The classification of the element is a transition metal, which essentially means that it is a metal. It is a silverish/white color. Just like Gold(Au), it can be beaten into a sheet of 1/2500s of an inch. It doesn't tarnish in air. It is in the platinum group of metals. It is not malleable and not ductile. An interesting class called metallic hydrides is formed when Palladium is treated with hydrogen gas. Sodium is another element that is on the periodic table, as well as Fluorine. Back to Top		Palladium is used in making watches, like the one above
Glossary Anon: A word that means anonymous, as in no one knows who it is. Hydrogen: The first element on the periodic table, with an atomic mass of 1. Click here to check Hydrogen out. Atomic Mass: The number which is the addition of all neutrons and protons in the element. Neutron: In the nucleus, there are neutrons in order to make sure that the protons do not run away from each other. Proton: Serves the purpose of making the electrons be attracted to the nucleus. Electrons: They surround the nucleus in spiral formations, constantly moving around. Energy Level: The electron clouds that surround the nucleus, they each can have a certain number of electrons in them. Metal: One of the three classifications of elements, in essence it is the opposite of a nonmetal and is hard. Melting Point: The melting point is the heat at which an element will liquify. Boiling Point: The boiling point is the heat at which an element will sublime. Malleable: Capable of being shaped or formed. Ductile: Easily drawn into wire or hammered thin. Back to Top
Bibliography Who was this by? Benton, Yinon. Chemical Element.com - Palladium. March 17, 2002. (http://www. chemicalelements.com/elements/pd.html) [Author Unknown] March 18, 2002. (http://www.chemsoc.rog/viselements/pages.html) [Author Unknown] March 18, 2002(http://www.environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/periodic) Stwertka, Albrert. A Guide to the Elements. New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996 Image found at (If you click on the link it will take you to picture): pcserver2.sel.cs.hiroshima-cu.ac.jp/ pm/exhibition/ Image found at (If you click on the link it will take you to picture): www.chemicalelements.com/ elements/pd.html Image found at (If you click on the link it will take you to picture): http://animationfactory.com/af_objects_gems_page_aa.html Image found at (If you click on the link it will take you to picture): www.rit.edu/~dabdis/ tech/vocab/p.html Back to Top Created in March 2002