#25
Eva L. Mrs. Eagles Eight Grade Science Class 2002 If you want strong metals and strong knees use manganese.
*History*Uses *Glossary *Physical Properties *Bibliography *Atomic Structure *Compounds
History Manganese was discovered in 1770 by Ignites Kaim. He discovered it was a calx, a new element, unlike the popular notion that thought manganese was a lime or magnesia alba. It wasn't until 1774 when it was investigated and was identified as an element by Bergman and Scheel. It was then isolated by Swedish mineralogist Johann Gottlieb Gahn. He isolated the element by putting non pure manganese and firing it in a charcoal container. He then quenched the compound. Once cooled the compound was separated and pure manganese was left.		Physical Properties Manganese is a transition metal. Manganese is a hard, silverish grayish element. It is very similar to iron except that it corrodes in moist air. It doesn't exist exist in it's free state in nature. It is less reactive than alkaline, earth metals. It is shiny and a good conductor of thermal energy and electric current. It is a stable element. The melting point is 1245°c. The boiling point in 1962°c. The elements particles are cubic.
	Atomic Structure and Other Basic Facts Manganese is part of group seven and period 4 on the periodic table of the elements. It's atomic number is 25 and has an atomic mass of 54.9380 meaning it has 25 protons, 25 electrons and 30 neutrons. manganese is a solid metal at room temperature. Manganese is a transition metal. It has 4 energy levels with an oxidation number of 2. Manganese is an anti-ferromagnetic material. Manganese means magnet in Latin because it has magnetic properties. Manganese activates many enzymes. It is mostly found with oxygen in pyrolusite alloy. It is mined in South Africa, India, Soviet Union. It is a permanganate when in natural sun.
Manganese Compounds and Separating Them The most common compounds Manganese is found in are MnO, Mn2O3, MnO 2,Mn2O7, MnF3. To separate Manganese from the compounds they are naturally found in is by using proprietary hybrid vacuum melting and hot pressing techniques.		Uses manganese has many varying uses. it is used in ceramics, it gives a hart yet pliant quality to steal and iron and is therefore used in rail switches, tools, axles, safes and plows. It is used in vitamins B-1 and E to make bones stronger. manganese breaks down fat and cholesterol. manganese is necessary for skeletal development. Without it bones grow spongier. manganese maintains sex hormone production. manganese is also used in DC batteries.
Glossary alloy-A homogeneous mixture or solid solution of two or more metals, the atoms of one replacing or occupying interstitial positions between the atoms of the other: Brass is an alloy of zinc and copper. calx- The crumbly residue left after a mineral or metal has been calcined or roasted. en·zyme Any of numerous proteins or conjugated proteins produced by living organisms and functioning as biochemical catalysts. per·man·ga·nate -Any of the salts of permanganic acid, all of which are strong oxidizing agents. py·ro·lu·site - A soft, black to dark gray mineral, MnO2, the commonest and most important secondary ore of manganese. quenching-To cool (hot metal) by thrusting into water or other liquid.
Bibliography Chemicool Periodic Table Environmental Chemistry Periodic Table Interactive Periodic Table of the Elements Periodic Table Periodic Table of the Elements Periodic Table of Poetry Pictorial Periodic Table Web Elements Periodic Table Physical Science Holt Science & Technology Austin A Harcourt Classroom Education Company Holt, rinehart and Winston 2001 Oxford A Guild to elements -Albert Stwertka-pg78-New York and Oxford-Oxford University Press- c. 1996 Exploring Chemical Elements and their compounds- David L. Heiserman- Tab Books- New York-1992 Image found at: www.puretechinc.com/data_sheets/ manganese_platinum.htm Image found at www.fs.fed.us/oonf/minerals/ othermins.htm Image found at: http://www.animfactory.com/animations/machines/cameras/movie_camera_crank_turn_md_wht.gi Image found at: http://www.magnapak.com/img/vitamins.jpg