NO	By: Mckenna 8th grade Mill Valley Middle School	102
"It has no uses, and is somewhat new, it is radioactive too."	History Model General Information Hazards and Uses Glossary Bibliography	Model of Nobelium Atom There are two valence electrons. There are 157 neutrons, 102 protons, and electrons.
History Over the years there has been controversy over who actually discovered Nobelium, also over the year it was discovered. It was thought to have been discovered in 1957 or 1958. Some people believe that Nobelum was discovered by T. Sikkeland, A.K. Larsh and R.M. Latimer at the Noble Institute of science in Sweden. Some people also believe that Albert Ghiroso and his collegues at the University of Berkely. In creating Nobelium-254, the Berkely group abandoned cyclotron, the accelerator they previously Alfred Ghirso and his colleagues won prize for discovering it, but decided to retain the original name of the element, which Stockholm Group had decided on in honor of Alfred Nobel, inventor of dynamite. Alfred Ghirso and his colleagues success in synthesizing Nobelium-254 confirmed by Russian physisists working at Dubuna in the Soviet Union. Nobelium was created by "bombarding" a sample of Curium-244 and Curium-246 with Carbon-12 ions using the Heavy Ion Linear Accelerator (HILAC). This scientic process can be expressed with this equation: Cm (12C, 4n) 254NO. Part of this experiment included electronegavtivity.
General Information Nobelium is the heaviest of the Group VIA elements. Most isotopes are Alpha emiters and a couple decay from spontaneous fission. So far, 11 isotopes have been synthesized and have the longest half-life of 57 minutes. Nobelium has not yet been produced into quantities large enough for scientists to study Nobelium's physical and chemical properties. Nobelium's color is not known, but is thought to probably be metallic and silvery white or grey in appearence. Nobelium is part of the Actincide group on the Periodic Table.
Hazards and Uses Nobelium is man-made but so far, "man" hasn't found any use for this element. Nobelium is radioactive. Scientists believe that it would be toxic if it was ever to be encountered.
Glossary Isotopes- atoms that have the same number of protons but have a different amount of neutrons. Ions- Charged particles that form during chemical changes when one or more valence electrons transfer from on atom to another. Half-Life- the time it takes for an element's particles to decay. Actincide- Elements in the second row in the lower right hand corner. They are called Actincides because they follow the transition metal Actinium. Electrochemical Equivalent- The electrochemical equivalent of a substance is the mass of a substance in grams. Valence Electron- The electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom; these electrons are involved in forming chemical bonds. Electronegativity- The power of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons to itself.
Bibliography Heiserman, David. Exploring Chemical Elements and Their Compounds. San Fransisco. C.1992 Stwerkta, Albert. A Guide to the Elements. New York. C. 1998 Chemicool Periodic Table Enivronmental Chemistry Periodic Table Interactive Periodic Table of the Elements Web Elements Periodic Table